波兰政府废除试管婴儿项目

参考译文：

现在我们来关注波兰，波兰***因计划生育问题引起了众多女性的愤怒。去年秋天，试图禁止堕胎的计划引发了大规模抗议。这使波兰***迅速放弃了这一计划。但是波兰执政党成功废除了另一个生殖保健项目体外受精项目。NPR新闻的索拉亚莎哈迪纳尔逊将从华沙带来详细报道。

索拉亚莎哈迪纳尔逊连线：维奥莱特沃提科萨在近四年的时间里一直在尝试怀孕，但都以失败告终。她的医生表示，她唯一的希望就是进行体外受精，即让她的卵子和她丈夫的精子在一个实验室里完成受精过程，然后再把胚胎移植到她的子宫中。波兰体外授精手术的费用高达2000美元，通常需要进行多次尝试。沃提科萨表示，这笔费用表明他们不得不做出很多牺牲。

维奥莱特沃提科萨：比如，你可以用这笔钱去旅行，这笔花费足够进行很多次旅行了。而且这笔钱基本上相当于半年的生活费。对我们来说，这真的是一大笔开销。

纳尔逊：波兰有一个承担大部分试管婴儿手术费用的国家项目，但是2015年波兰法律与公正党开始执政后，他们马上停止了这一项目，而波兰是欧盟生育率最低的国家之一。波兰***做出这一决定的原因之一是天主教会反对体外受精。但是来自中左翼智库Kultura Liberalna的社会学家卡洛丽娜维古拉表示，攻击女性医疗保健项目的主要原因并不是宗教，而是要控制。

洛丽娜维古拉：波兰的情况同匈牙利和其他自由民主国家一样，女性权利，尤其是堕胎的权利被用来压制某种恐惧感。

纳尔逊：法律与公正党资深议员玛尔歌泽塔戈西斯卡对这两种解释进行了驳斥。她表示，废除耗资1亿美元的体外受精项目是为了节省资金。

玛尔歌泽塔戈西斯卡：（用外语讲话）。

纳尔逊：该议员还表示，***没有抛弃不孕的波兰女性，***为她们提供了一个名为自然生殖技术的替代项目。该项目简称为NaPRO，已经获得了天主教会的批准，这一项目包括自然计划生育以及有限制的医疗和手术治疗。玛塔范德图兰在华沙运营Ferti-Medica诊所，她表示***出台的新计划远远不够。

玛塔范德图兰：如果有人不孕，有人没有输卵管，有人的精子质量不好，那除了进行体外受精没有其他方法。公共资金拨给了与现代西方医学完全没有关系的治疗，这真是太遗憾了。

纳尔逊：她说，一些市级***已经开始为计划进行体外受精的夫妻提供经济援助来进行弥补。Ferti-Medica诊所的患者沃提科萨表示，她和她的丈夫很幸运，因为他们攒够了可以进行两次体外受精手术的费用。NPR新闻，索拉亚莎哈迪纳尔逊华沙报道。

We're going to turn our attention now to Poland because the government there is facing the ire of a lot of women over family-planning issues. Last fall, an attempt to ban abortions sparked mass protests. That quickly led the government to back down. But the Polish governing party there did succeed in eliminating another reproductive health care program, one that covers in vitro fertilization. NPR's Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson reports from Warsaw.

SORAYA SARHADDI NELSON, BYLINE: Wioletta Wojtynksa has tried and failed to get pregnant for nearly four years. Her doctor says her only hope is in vitro fertilization in which her eggs are fertilized with her husband's sperm in a lab and the resulting embryos are placed in her uterus. The IVF procedure, which in Poland costs upwards of $2,000, often requires multiple tries. Wojtynksa says the cost means they've had to make a lot of sacrifices.

WIOLETTA WOJTYNKSA: For example, you can go for a trip not one trip but a lot of trips. You can live even for this money, half a year. So for us, it's a lot of money.

NELSON: But a Polish government program that covered most of the in vitro costs was immediately cut by the Law and Justice Party when it came to power in late 2015, even though Poland has one of the lowest birth rates in the EU. Catholic Church opposition to IVF is widely seen as one factor in the Polish government's decision. But sociologist Karolina Wigura of the center-left think tank Kultura Liberalna says the attacks on women's health care aren't as much about religion as they are about control.

KAROLINA WIGURA: What is happening resembles the situation in Hungary and also other so-called liberal democracies where women's rights, especially the right to abortion, is somehow used to prevail a certain feeling of fear.

NELSON: Senior Law and Justice MP Malgorzata Gosiewska rejects both explanations. She says eliminating the $100 million IVF program was about saving money.

MALGORZATA GOSIEWSKA: (Foreign language spoken).

NELSON: The MP adds that her government hasn't abandoned infertile Polish women and offers them an alternative program called Natural Procreative Technology. NaPRO, as it's called for short, is approved by the Catholic Church and involves natural family planning and limited medical and surgical intervention. Marta van der Toolen, who runs the Ferti-Medica clinic in Warsaw, says the government's new program falls far short.

MARTA VAN DER TOOLEN: When somebody is infertile when somebody doesn't have, for example, tubes, when the sperm is not good, then you can't do anything else, only in vitro. So that's really a pity that the public money is going to the treatment which has nothing to do with modern, Western medicine.

NELSON: She says to make up for the cuts, some city governments have started offering couples financial help for IVF. Wojtynksa, who is a Ferti-Medica patient, says she and her husband are lucky because they've saved enough money for two IVF tries. Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson, NPR News, Warsaw.